Kerala, also known as ‘God’s Own Country’, is an enchanting southern state of India blessed with abundant picturesque landscapes. Showcasing the vibrant diversity of the subcontinent, it is particularly famed for its captivating hill stations. These hill stations, nestled amid the verdant Western Ghats, are a testament to Kerala’s unparalleled natural beauty. From Munnar’s misty tea estates to Wayanad’s lush forests, each hill station offers a unique experience, combining tranquilly, adventure, and cultural immersion. They are the jewels in the crown of Kerala’s thriving tourism sector, offering respite from the tropical heat and inviting visitors into a serene world of verdant valleys, rolling hills, and rich biodiversity.
Importance of hill stations for Kerala’s tourism.
The hill stations of Kerala play a pivotal role in driving the state’s tourism industry. Their breathtaking beauty and serene natural environments attract millions of domestic and international tourists each year. These hill stations, each with unique appeal, are not just retreats offering a pleasant respite from the summer heat but also hubs of vibrant culture, rich biodiversity, and thrilling adventure activities. They contribute significantly to the state’s economy, generating revenue and providing employment opportunities to local communities. The hill stations also serve as a platform for showcasing Kerala’s commitment to sustainable and eco-tourism practices, setting a benchmark for other destinations. Thus, the hill stations are integral to Kerala’s tourism, defining its identity as a diverse and attractive tourist destination.
Munnar
Munnar, often called the ‘Kashmir of South India’, is about 1,600 metres above sea level. Its geographical beauty is amplified by the confluence of three rivers: Mudrapuzha, Nallathanni, and Kundaly. Munnar’s pleasant and cool climate can be attributed to its hill station status. The annual temperature ranges from 15°C to 25°C, making it an ideal retreat throughout the year. However, it gets chilly during winter, which could be a fascinating experience for those who love cold weather. Furthermore, the region is characterized by heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which ornaments the landscape with lush greenery and gushing waterfalls.
Munnar is a paradise for nature lovers and photographers with its expansive tea plantations, shimmering waterfalls, and diverse wildlife. Eravikulam National Park, home to the endangered Nilgiri Tahr, is a must-visit for wildlife enthusiasts. Echo Point, named for the natural echo phenomenon, and Top Station, the highest point in Munnar, offer panoramic views of the hills and valleys. The Tea Museum provides insight into the history and process of tea production. Adventure seekers can indulge in trekking, rock climbing, and paragliding. The region’s vibrant flora and bird life make for delightful bird-watching and nature walk experiences.
The tea estates of Munnar are a sight to behold. Covering the undulating hills in a blanket of lush green, these well-manicured terraces narrate the tale of Munnar’s long-standing affair with tea cultivation. A visit to these expansive estates offers a glimpse into the meticulous process of tea production, from plucking the leaves to processing and packaging. The Tata Tea Museum in Munnar is a treasure trove of information for those interested in the history of tea plantations in the region.
Munnar’s wildlife further amplifies its charm. Eravikulam National Park is a biodiversity hotspot home to the endangered Nilgiri Tahr. From the Neelakurinji flowers that bloom once every twelve years to the exotic bird species, the park embodies the rich wildlife of Munnar. The Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and the Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary are other noteworthy wildlife havens in the area. Thus, whether you’re a tea connoisseur, an avid bird watcher, or a wildlife enthusiast, Munnar will never cease to amaze you.
Vagamon
Vagamon, often overlooked on the list of Kerala’s hill stations, is a hidden gem that exudes a rare blend of natural beauty and tranquillity. This enchanting hill station is characterized by rolling meadows, pine forests, and beautiful waterfalls, giving it a distinct appeal. The undulating landscape, dotted with lush green tea plantations, adds to the charm of Vagamon. The Vagamon Pine Forest is a must-visit site for nature enthusiasts, offering a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape. The hill station is also renowned for its mystic hills, namely Thangal, Murugan, and Kurisumala hills, each holding religious significance and attracting devotees and tourists alike. Enclosed by a chain of three hills symbolizing the significant religions in Kerala, Vagamon truly stands as the epitome of religious harmony.
Vagamon offers a plethora of attractions that appeal to all kinds of tourists. The Vagamon Pine Forest is not to be missed, with its towering trees casting long shadows over the forest floor, making it a beautiful spot for photography and relaxation. The mystic hills—Thanagal, Murugan, and Kurisumala—present an opportunity to experience the spiritual dimension of this hill station. Adventure enthusiasts can find their thrills with the paragliding and trekking activities offered in the region. For nature lovers, the Barren Hills are a must-visit. They offer an unobstructed 360-degree view of the surroundings, transforming into a stunning carpet of red during the blooming season of Kurinji flowers. The Orchidarium and Floriculture Centre are other attractions for those interested in indigenous floral diversity.
Activities and local festivals.
Vagamon, apart from its exquisite natural beauty, is known for hosting a range of activities and local festivals that greatly enrich the visitor’s experience. One of the key events is the Vagamon International Paragliding Festival, which attracts paragliding enthusiasts from around the globe and provides a spectacular aerial view of the hill station. Another significant festival is the Paalkulathu Thookkam, a grand religious event observed at Murugan Hill. Here, devotees showcase their faith and dedication by participating in a ceremonial dance, carrying sacred offerings on their heads. Lastly, the tourists are encouraged to participate in the local activity of tea plucking; this allows them to witness the meticulous process behind tea production, adding an enriching layer to their Vagamon trip.
Kuttikanam.
Kuttikanam, a lesser-known hill station in Kerala, boasts a rich history and cultural significance. Once the summer resort of the Travancore kings, this charming hill station has preserved the royal charm and grandeur of a bygone era. The age-old mansions, palaces, and churches throughout the region attest to its historical significance. Kuttikanam also holds a special place in the hearts of the local people due to its association with the legendary Parunthumpara, also known as the Eagle Rock, where folk tales say eagles once roosted. The cultural heritage of Kuttikanam is a harmonious blend of various communities, each with unique traditions, festivals, and cuisines, enriching the cultural fabric of this hill station.
Kuttikanam is a nature lover’s paradise, offering an array of breathtaking sightseeing spots. The hill station is adorned with rolling green hills, emerald tea estates, and spice plantations, with the fragrant air carrying notes of cardamom and pepper. Valanjanganam Waterfalls, also known as Ninnumullippara, is a sight to behold, especially in the monsoon when the cascading waters create a misty aura. The Pine Forest, with its carpet of pine needles providing a unique walking experience, offers opportunities for tranquil contemplation amidst nature. Thrisangu Hills, renowned for its panoramic views, is another must-see location. The scenic beauty of these hills is further amplified when covered in a blanket of mist, offering a near-mystical experience. Lastly, Parunthumpara, or Eagle Rock, offers a bird’s-eye view of the surrounding landscapes and is a perfect spot for those seeking solitude and serenity.
In the serene landscape of Kuttikanam, adrenaline junkies can find their haven. The hilly terrain, abundant trails, and lush green expanses make it an ideal destination for various adventure activities. Trekking and hiking enthusiasts can explore the verdant trails leading to the Thrisangu Hills, offering a unique blend of thrill and tranquillity with every step. For those who prefer a more relaxed pace, a bicycle ride along the plantation roads could be the ideal choice. Moreover, the misty mornings in Kuttikanam present a unique bird-watching opportunity, with an assortment of local and migratory birds adding a symphony of sounds to the serene environment. The hill station also offers opportunities for camping under the starlit sky, letting you get up close to nature. Whether it’s the thrill of exploring the unknown or the peace of being one with nature, Kuttikanam has something to offer every adventure enthusiast.
Ponmudi.
Ponmudi, often called the “Golden Peak,” is a picturesque hill station in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. Sitting 1100 meters above sea level, Ponmudi is nestled within the Western Ghats, boasting a captivating landscape adorned by scenic valleys, charming tea estates, and lush tropical forests. The hill station, with its winding paths and calm, green environment, is a natural haven for local and international tourists. The region’s tropical climate supports many unique flora and fauna, making it an excellent hotspot for wildlife viewing and nature photography. Ponmudi is particularly famous for its beautiful golden valley, from which it derives its name, offering awe-inspiring views of the sun setting over the hills.
Ponmudi has several mesmerizing tourist attractions, each with its unique charm. The Golden Valley is a must-visit spot, with its golden sand and crystal clear waters offering a peaceful retreat for nature lovers. The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, spread across an area of 53 sq. km, houses various unique wildlife species, making it a haven for enthusiasts. The sanctuary’s dense forests, crystal-clear streams, and high eucalyptus trees create an atmosphere of tranquillity. Echo Point is another popular spot where visitors can shout their names and hear the echo bouncing back from the surrounding hills.
Moreover, Ponmudi Hill Station, known for its panoramic views, tea gardens, and mist-laden valleys, is a perfect spot for photography. Finally, Agasthyakoodam, the second-highest peak in Kerala, presents a challenging trek for adventure lovers. Its rich biodiversity also attracts botanists and bird watchers from around the globe.
Ponmudi is not only an enchanting hill station but also a biodiversity hotspot. It boasts a rich and varied flora and fauna, making it a must-visit for wildlife enthusiasts and botany lovers. The region’s diverse botanical wealth includes more than 100 species of orchids and ferns, some of which are endemic to the Western Ghats. Ponmudi is also home to various wildlife, including Indian elephants, leopards, macaques, and lion-tailed macaques. The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, in particular, is a birdwatcher’s paradise, hosting over 260 species of birds, including the endangered Nilgiri Wood Pigeon and the exotic Malabar Grey Hornbill. This unique biodiversity adds another layer to Ponmudi’s allure, blending the thrill of wildlife spotting with the tranquillity of nature walks.
Wayanad
Wayanad, a hill station located in the northeast region of Kerala, is a realm of pristine natural beauty and rich historical significance. Its lush greenery, serene lakes, and enchanting wildlife sanctuaries depict tranquillity and allure. The Edakkal Caves, with their prehistoric etchings, transport visitors back in time, shedding light on early human civilization. The Banasura Sagar Dam, the largest earth dam in India, is an architectural marvel and offers picturesque views of the surrounding hills and waters. Meanwhile, the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, is a biodiversity hotspot, housing various flora and fauna. Historical sites like the Pazhassi Raja Tomb and the Jain Temple Sulthan Bathery add to the region’s charm, intertwining natural allure with a rich historical tapestry.
Adventure activities in Wayanad are as diverse as its natural beauty. They range from exploring the ancient Edakkal Caves, home to Stone Age carvings, to embarking on a thrilling wildlife safari in the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. The sanctuary offers visitors the chance to spot an array of wildlife, including elephants, tigers, deer, and various species of monkeys. For those with a penchant for water-based adventures, bamboo rafting at Kuruva Island provides an unforgettable experience amongst its unique ecosystem. Furthermore, trekking challenges are abundant for hiking enthusiasts, with popular routes leading to the top of Chembra Peak, the highest peak in Wayanad, providing a panoramic view of the entire district and beyond.
One of the most enriching experiences in Wayanad is the chance to interact with the region’s indigenous tribal communities. Wayanad is home to diverse tribes, including the Paniyas, Adiyars, Kurumas, and Kattunaikkans, who have inhabited these hills for centuries. They each have unique customs, languages, and traditions, which often revolve around the area’s natural resources. Visitors can learn about their unique cultural practices, art forms, traditional farming methods, and cuisine. These interactions offer a rare glimpse into their ancestral ways of life and enable a mutual exchange of knowledge and respect. It’s a profound experience that adds a deeper cultural dimension to the natural beauty of Wayanad.
Lakkidi
Lakkidi, often called the ‘Gateway of Wayanad’, is situated atop Thamarassery Ghat pass at 700 metres above sea level. The region is adorned with lush greenery, dense forests, and enchanting hills, creating a picturesque landscape. Lakkidi receives significant rainfall annually, resulting in a calm and pleasant climate. The region’s geographical features, marked by winding lanes, steep hills, and rich biodiversity, offer a captivating blend of tranquillity and natural beauty.
Lakkidi presents an array of intriguing points of interest for tourists. The Lakkidi View Point offers breathtaking views of the winding roads and lush greenery that characterize this hill station, making it a must-visit spot for landscape photographers and nature lovers. Pookode Lake, nestled in the heart of a beautiful valley and surrounded by forests, offers boating experiences for water enthusiasts. For adventure seekers, the region offers excellent trekking opportunities, with trails leading to Chembra Peak and Thusharagiri Falls. The region’s rich biodiversity can be explored at the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, home to various fauna such as elephants, tigers, and exotic bird species. Lastly, the Chain Tree, a unique sight in Lakkidi, holds a local legend and adds a touch of mystery and intrigue to the visit.
Lakkidi is known for its authentic Kerala cuisine, which leaves every food enthusiast satiated. The local food scene predominantly revolves around rice-based dishes, given that paddy fields are a common sight in this region. One of the must-try dishes is the Kerala Sadya, an elaborate meal served on a banana leaf featuring a variety of side dishes, pickles, and sweet payasam. Seafood is an integral part of the cuisine, with dishes like Meen Pollichathu (fish cooked in banana leaf) showcasing the local culinary techniques. The flavoursome Kerala Beef Fry, a spicy, stir-fried beef dish, is a must-try for meat lovers. The region is also well-known for its tea and coffee, with many local cafés offering a range of beverages made from locally grown produce. The region’s unique twist on popular Indian snacks like samosas, known here as Irachi Pettis, is worth exploring. For dessert, nothing beats the creamy sweetness of Palada Payasam, a traditional rice pudding flavoured with cardamom and garnished with cashews and raisins. This rich food culture, combined with the scenic beauty of Lakkidi, offers a multi-sensory experience that is truly unforgettable.
Nelliyampathy.
Nestled in the heart of the Palakkad district, Nelliyampathy is a charming hill station with a landscape marked by vast stretches of tea, coffee, orange, and cardamom plantations. The region, perched at an altitude of 467 to 1572 metres, offers a breathtaking view of the low-lying Palakkad plains. The terrain is rugged, with numerous peaks and valleys painted in shades of emerald green. Nelliyampathy enjoys a temperate climate throughout the year, with temperatures rarely exceeding 30 degrees Celsius, even in the summer. From June to September, the monsoon season brings heavy rainfall that revitalizes the region’s flora and fauna, adding a fresh vibrancy to the landscape. The post-monsoon and winter months are viral among tourists for their excellent and pleasant weather, making them an ideal time for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
Nelliyampathy is known for its picturesque and diverse attractions. The Nenmara Vallengi Vela Festival, a vibrant event featuring decorated elephants, traditional music, and fireworks, is a must-see. Seethargundu Viewpoint provides panoramic views of the lush surroundings, while Padagiri Peak, the highest peak in Nelliyampathy, is a treat for adventure enthusiasts. The Pothundi Dam, an architectural marvel and one of the oldest in India, is perfect for family outings. Additionally, Raja’s Cliff offers views that extend to parts of the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. The region’s rich biodiversity can be explored at the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, which is home to various fauna. Moreover, the area’s extensive plantations present an opportunity for tourists to witness the tea and coffee production process firsthand.
Regarding Nelliyampathy, the hill station’s coffee and tea plantations deserve a special mention. These sprawling plantations, interspersed with patches of dense forests and misty valleys, contribute significantly to the region’s lush landscape. Travellers can stroll through these plantations, soaking in the serene ambience while learning about the different stages of tea and coffee production. The experience is even more mesmerizing by seeing local workers nimbly navigating the steep slopes while plucking the leaves. The air is filled with the aroma of fresh tea and coffee leaves, providing a sensory treat that is unique to Nelliyampathy. Moreover, the local plantations offer the opportunity to taste and purchase a variety of freshly brewed teas and coffees, making this a must-visit highlight for caffeine enthusiasts.
Gavi.
Gavi, a lesser-known gem among the hill stations in Kerala, is a paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. The hill station’s raw, unexploited beauty in the form of verdant forests, misty valleys, and pristine water bodies creates a sense of tranquillity that is truly rejuvenating. For wildlife and bird-watching enthusiasts, Gavi provides unparalleled opportunities. The region is home to the Periyar Tiger Reserve, where one can spot a variety of fauna, including elephants, bison, sambar deer, and even the elusive tiger. The region’s rich biodiversity also boasts over 260 bird species, making it a haven for birdwatchers. Whether it’s a peaceful walk through the forest, a thrilling jeep safari, or a calming boat trip on Kochupamba and Gavi Lakes, the hill station offers many experiences to immerse oneself in the splendour of nature.
Gavi offers a diverse range of activities tailored to cater to the adventurous spirit of travellers. One can embark on a wildlife safari in the Periyar Tiger Reserve, allowing one to spot diverse fauna and bask in the panoramic beauty of the forests. For those seeking a serene experience, boating on the Kochupamba and Gavi Lakes offers a chance to appreciate the stunning landscape and abundant aquatic life. Birdwatchers can indulge in bird-watching tours, with over 260 bird species residing there. Those with a penchant for trekking can take on the challenging trails leading up to Sabarimala View Point and Valanjanganam Waterfalls. These activities give tourists a chance to engage with Gavi’s pristine natural beauty and contribute towards the area’s sustainable eco-tourism initiative.
Gavi’s commitment to eco-tourism is a particular highlight worth mentioning. The hill station’s various eco-tourism initiatives have helped preserve its lush biodiversity while promoting sustainable travel. One such initiative is the eco-lodge, which accommodates visitors while adhering to eco-friendly practices like solar power, recycling waste, and growing organic produce. Another is the guided nature walks and safaris conducted by local residents trained in biodiversity conservation. These initiatives offer visitors unique experiences and ensure the preservation of Gavi’s natural beauty for future generations. The eco-tourism efforts in Gavi serve as a model for other tourist destinations, showcasing how responsible tourism can contribute to conservation while enhancing the visitor experience.
Malakkappara.
Malakkappara, another charming hill station in Kerala, is geographically notable for its high-altitude tea plantations and dense forests. Nestled in the Thrissur district, this hill station is situated at an impressive elevation of 1050 metres above sea level. The stunning terrain of Malakkappara is marked by rolling tea gardens, numerous waterfalls, and sparkling streams, offering an enchanting landscape that captivates visitors. The region also shares its borders with the Sholayar Forests of Tamil Nadu, resulting in a unique ecosystem rich in diverse flora and fauna. This feature further enhances the hill station’s natural charm. The pleasant climate throughout the year and the breathtaking views of the surrounding forests and valleys make Malakkappara a must-visit destination for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts.
One of the main attractions for tourists in Malakkappara is the Athirappilly Waterfalls, often referred to as the “Niagara of India”. This majestic waterfall cascading down from a height of 80 feet is a spectacle to behold and provides ample opportunities for photography. Another popular attraction is the Sholayar Dam, one of the highest dams in Kerala, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Exploring the tea gardens spread across the hills is another must-do activity in Malakkappara. Tourists can take guided tours of these plantations, learn about the region’s tea production processes, and even taste the aromatic brews. For wildlife enthusiasts, the Vazhachal Forest Division is a haven teeming with diverse species of fauna, including elephants, tigers, and various types of birds. Adventure seekers can also engage in trekking and camping activities in this region.
Malakkappara’s lush tea estates and rich wildlife reserve make it an exceptional destination for nature and tea lovers. The hill station is famed for its sprawling tea plantations, with the landscape dominated by neat rows of tea bushes punctuated by tea pickers in their vibrant attire, a truly mesmerizing sight. The local tea factories offer guided tours where visitors can witness the tea-making process, from plucking the leaves to the final brew. As much as it’s a tea paradise, Malakkappara is also a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The region is home to diverse fauna, including elephants, tigers, and various bird species. Tourists can embark on a thrilling safari in the Vazhachal Forest Division to spot these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat. This unique combination of tea culture and wildlife gives Malakkappara a distinctive charm that will captivate any traveller.
Peermade.
Peermade, one of Kerala’s most picturesque hill stations, is steeped in history. Once the summer retreat of the Travancore Kings, the area is named after Sufi saint Peer Mohammed, with ‘Peermade’ meaning the ‘hill of the Peer.’ Historical records and architectural remnants indicate this hill station was a hub of activity during the British era. The region’s rich history is intertwined with fascinating trade stories, royal indulgence, and colonial rule, making it an intriguing destination for history buffs.
Peermade offers a plethora of attractions that delight every kind of tourist. The Thrissanku and Peeru Hills provide breathtaking panoramic views and are perfect for trekking. With its rolling hills, valley views, and lush pine forests, Kuttikanam is a paradise for nature lovers. The Parunthumpara viewpoint offers an unparalleled view of the vast plains and Sabarimala forests. The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, a tiger reserve, provides an opportunity for wildlife spotting and boat rides on Periyar Lake. Amrithmedu, notable for its wind sculpture and panoramic views, is a celebrated spot for the festival of Makara Sankranti.
Lastly, the vast expanses of tea, coffee, cardamom, and pepper plantations offer a sensory delight. Visitors can partake in plantation tours to understand the process and even enjoy fresh brews. Special mention must be given to the region’s spice plantations. The spice gardens of Peermade are its essence, offering visitors a chance to experience the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of a variety of spices firsthand.
The spice plantations of Peermade are a veritable treasure trove of sensory experiences. Walking through these aromatic gardens, visitors can witness the cultivation of spices like cardamom, pepper, and cinnamon, which are integral to Kerala’s culinary heritage. The plantations also offer an opportunity to learn about the harvesting and processing techniques used in spice production. Visitors can savour the rich fragrances wafting through the air, touch the raw spices in their natural form, and even participate in spice-picking activities. These immersive experiences, coupled with the chance to sample fresh spices and buy organically grown produce, make the spice plantations of Peermade an unforgettable part of the Kerala hill station journey.
Conclusion.
Kerala’s hill stations, mesmerizing landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage offer a unique travel experience. Malakkappara’s sprawling tea estates and the exotic wildlife of the Vazhachal Forest Division provide a captivating blend of nature and adventure. Similarly, Peermade’s historical significance and aromatic spice plantations present a delightful journey through time and the senses. The panoramic viewpoints, thrilling trekking trails, and serene plantation tours across these hill stations immerse you in Kerala’s natural grandeur and cultural richness. Whether it’s the thrill of wildlife spotting, the tranquillity of tea gardens, or the aromatic allure of spice plantations, Kerala’s hill stations leave an indelible impression on every visitor, beckoning them to return and relive these enchanting experiences.
Every traveller seeks a destination that offers more than just a change of scenery. Kerala’s hill stations, each with their unique blend of nature’s splendour, rich history, and cultural heritage, offer just that. Malakkappara and Peermade, with their sprawling tea and spice plantations, respectively, present a sensory journey that stirs the soul. They offer immersive experiences where one can witness the production process of these aromatic brews and spices and taste and bring home organically grown produce. The wildlife reserves and tiger sanctuaries provide a thrilling adventure and a chance to witness the majestic fauna in their natural habitats. The hill stations’ historic significance, panoramic viewpoints, and trekking trails add intrigue and thrill to the journey. These experiences, unique to Kerala’s hill stations, make them worthy additions to every traveller’s bucket list.
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